| CAR T-CELL THERAPY | BIOTECHNOLOGY | PRELIMS |
| THE GHADAMES BASIN | GEOGRAPHY | PRELIMS |
| THE PALLIKARANAI MARSHLAND | GEOGRAPHY | PRELIMS |
| NANO UREA | TECHNOLOGY | PRELIMS |
| THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS (NPT) | INTERNATIONAL TREATY | PRELIMS |
| The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) | NATIONAL BODIES | PRELIMS |
| THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC) | INTERNATIONAL BODIES | PRELIMS |
CAR T-CELL THERAPY
CAR T-cell therapy is a highly personalized form of immunotherapy where a patient’s own T cells are genetically engineered to detect and kill cancer cells. Used mainly for blood cancers like leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma .
Scientists have developed a highly sensitive receptor that can detect trace amounts of proteins on solid tumours, overcoming a major biological hurdle to using CAR T-cell therapy
THE GHADAMES BASIN
- The Ghadames Basin is a large intra-cratonic basin, covering portions of Algeria, Tunisia and Libya.
- Oil India Limited and Indian Oil Corporation Limited successful found new oil and gas discovery in the contract area of the Ghadames Basin, Libya.
THE PALLIKARANAI MARSHLAND
The Pallikaranai Marshland is a 80-square-kilometre (31 sq mi) freshwater wetland in Chennai, serving as a critical flood-mitigating “natural sponge” and a protected Ramsar site. It hosts over 40,000 migratory birds.
NANO UREA
Nano Urea is a nanotechnology-based, sustainable liquid fertilizer that provides nitrogen to plants, featuring 20-50 nm particles with >80% nutrient efficiency. It reduces the need for conventional urea by 50%, enhances crop productivity by up to 8%, and lowers environmental footprint. It is applied via foliar spray during active crop growth.
THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS (NPT)
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), which entered into force in 1970 and was indefinitely extended in 1995, is a landmark international agreement aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, fostering cooperation in peaceful nuclear technology, and advancing disarmament. With 191 states parties, it divides signatories into nuclear-weapon states (NWS) and non-nuclear-weapon states (NNWS), with the former pledging not to transfer, and the latter promising not to acquire, nuclear weapons.
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT)
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT), under India’s Ministry of Communications, formulates policies, grants licenses, and manages radio spectrum for telegraph, telephone, wireless, and data services. It facilitates 5G rollout, strengthens cyber security, and promotes rural connectivity
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC)
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the signing of an agreement in September 1960 by five countries namely Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. They were to become the Founder Members of the Organization.
These countries were later joined by Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), the United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973), Gabon (1975), Angola (2007), Equatorial Guinea (2017) and Congo (2018
The Statute stipulates that “any country with a substantial net export of crude petroleum, which has fundamentally similar interests to those of Member Countries, may become a Full Member of the Organization, if accepted by a majority of three-fourths of Full Members, including the concurring votes of all Founder Members.”