TOPICS	SUBJECT	PAPER
A CREDIT GUARANTEE SCHEME (CGS)	SCHEME	PRELIMS
A GREENFIELD PORT	GEOGRAPHY	PRELIMS
HARYANA INDUSTRIAL POLICY 2026	ECONOMY	PRELIMS
PRESSURE IS MOUNTING ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES	ECONOMY	PRELIMS
THE FOOD CORPORATION OF INDIA (FCI)	NATIONAL BODIES	PRELIMS
GRAPHENE-BASED ELECTRODE	TECHNOLOGY	PRELIMS
MAVEN SPACECRAFT	TECHNOLOGY	PRELIMS
INDIAN STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE LIMITED	ECONOMY	PRELIMS
PUBLIC SECTOR OIL MARKETING COMPANIES (OMCS)	NATIONAL BODIES	PRELIMS

A CREDIT GUARANTEE SCHEME (CGS)

A Credit Guarantee Scheme (CGS) is a government-backed financial mechanism designed to mitigate lender risk. By providing a third-party guarantee to absorb a portion of defaults, it encourages banks and financial institutions to extend collateral-free loans to underserved or high-risk borrowers, such as startups and small businesses.

A GREENFIELD PORT

• A greenfield port is a brand-new maritime port constructed from scratch on undeveloped or pristine land        
• Andhra pradesh three under-construction greenfield ports.the Mulapeta Port project, the Machilipatnam Greenfield Port, Ramayapatnam Port

HARYANA INDUSTRIAL POLICY 2026

Approved on May 18, 2026, the Make in Haryana Industrial Policy 2026 aims to attract ₹5 lakh crore in investment and create 10 lakh jobs over five years. It shifts from an A-D block system to a focused, dynamic classification to boost electronics (ESDM), IT, gaming, and toys, with incentives including up to ₹1 lakh annual employment subsidy per local employee

PRESSURE IS MOUNTING ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES

·       PM’s appeal to reduce spending on petroleum products, edible oils, gold and foreign travel shows concern over India’s import dependence; with foreign currency outgo increasing due to higher imports of crude oil, fertilizers, electronic components, pressure is mounting on foreign exchange reserves and the rupee

• Foreign exchange reserves (FX reserves) are assets held by a nation’s central bank or monetary authority, primarily in foreign currencies, gold, and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). They are used to back liabilities, maintain economic stability, influence currency values, and serve as a buffer against external economic shocks

THE FOOD CORPORATION OF INDIA (FCI)

• The Food Corporation of India (FCI) is a premier statutory body under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Government of India
• The Food Corporation of India was setup under the Food Corporation’s Act 1964, in order to fulfill following objectives of the Food Policy: Effective price support operations for safeguarding the interests of the farmers, distribution of foodgrains throughout the country for public distribution system and maintaining satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of foodgrains to ensure national food security.

GRAPHENE-BASED ELECTRODE

• the BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus have developed a new graphene-based electrode that could improve the performance and lifespan of supercapacitors, an emerging energy storage technology used in portable electronics, wearable devices, and microelectronic systems.
• . The research focuses on phosphorus-doped laser-induced graphene (PLIG), a material designed to increase the efficiency of supercapacitors while remaining low-cost and scalable for manufacturing.

MAVEN SPACECRAFT

• NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) spacecraft is an orbiter dedicated to surveying the Martian upper atmosphere and its interaction with the Sun and solar wind. Launched in 2013 and arriving at Mars in 2014, the mission’s core goal is to understand how the planet lost its atmosphere and water over billions of years.
• the Zwan-Wolf effect acts to squeeze plasma along magnetic flux tubes, aiding in the deflection of the solar wind flow about the planet.

INDIAN STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE LIMITED

Government, through a Special Purpose Vehicle called Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserve Limited (ISPRL), has established Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) facilities with total capacity of 5.33 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) of crude oil at 3 locations namely (i) Vishakhapatnam (1.33 MMT), (ii) Mangaluru (1.5 MMT) and (iii) Padur (2.5 MMT) capacity.

PUBLIC SECTOR OIL MARKETING COMPANIES (OMCS)

Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) in India are government-owned enterprises—primarily Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd (BPCL), and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL)—responsible for refining, distributing, and retailing petroleum products like petrol, diesel, and LPG nationwide