| TOPICS | SUBJECT | PAPER |
| VALLANADU WILDLIFE SANCTUARY | GEOGRAPHY | PRELIMS |
| ARTICLE 356(1) IN CONSTITUTION OF INDIA | POLITY | PRELIMS |
| CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS) | SCHEME | PRELIMS |
| THE GHARIAL (GAVIALIS GANGETICUS) | ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY | PRELIMS |
| STATEMENT | GEOGRAPHY | PRELIMS |
| SATHYAMANGALAM TIGER RESERVE | GEOGRAPHY | PRELIMS |
VALLANADU WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Tamil Nadu’s Thoothukudi district, is a protected scrub forest dedicated to conserving the blackbuck antelope
ARTICLE 356(1) IN CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
(1)If the President, on receipt of report from the Governor of the State or otherwise, is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, the President may by Proclamation-
(a)assume to himself all or any of the functions of the Government of the State and all or any of the powers vested in or exercisable by the Governor or any body or authority in the State other than the Legislature of the State;
(b)declare that the powers of the Legislature of the State shall be exercisable by or under the authority of Parliament;
(c)make such incidental and consequential provisions as appear to the President to be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the objects of the Proclamation, including provisions for suspending in whole or in part the operation of any provisions of this Constitution relating to any body or authority in the State:Provided that nothing in this clause shall authorise the President to assume to himself any of the powers vested in or exercisable by a High Court, or to suspend in whole or in part the operation of any provision of this Constitution relating to High Courts.
CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES (CSS)
Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) are development programs jointly funded by the Central and State governments, implemented by states to address national priorities in social sectors. Funds are typically shared in a 60:40 ratio (Centre:State), though it can be 90:10 for special category states
THE GHARIAL (GAVIALIS GANGETICUS)
- The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), also known as gavial or fish-eating crocodile.
- It has been listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2007.
STATEMENT
the crops can be prevented from excess heat, which has been prevailing in many southern districts due to the El Nino effect.
El Niño is a climate pattern characterized by warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, causing weakened trade winds and significant global weather disruptions. It typically leads to increased global temperatures, severe drought in Southeast Asia/Australia, and intense rainfall in the southern U.S. and South America.
SATHYAMANGALAM TIGER RESERVE
Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is a protected area and tiger reserve located along the area straddling both the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in the Erode district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.