| NELTUMA JULIFLORA | ECOLOGY | PRELIMS |
| THE KIWI | ENVIROMENT | PRELIMS |
| MARINE FUEL | BIOTECHNOLOGY | PRELIMS |
| INDIA’S MARINE FISH PRODUCTION | ECONOMY | PRELIMS |
| BEACH SAND MINERALS (BSM) | GEOGRAPHY | PREIMS |
| KANHA TIGER RESERVE | GEOGRAPHY | PRELIMS |
| STATEMENT | GEOGRAPHY | PRELIMS |
NELTUMA JULIFLORA
- is a shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae,
- t is a contributing factor to continuing transmission of malaria
- It is native to Mexico, South America and the Caribbean. It has become established as an invasive weed in Africa,India, Asia, Australia and elsewhere
- Its leaves are deciduous
THE KIWI
- The kiwi, New Zealand’s sacred national bird
- Kiwi are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand
- currently listed as vulnerable.
MARINE FUEL
- Prosopis juliflora, which has for decades threatened biodiversity in Kutch’s Banni grasslands, will be turned into methanol; the global shipping industry is being obliged to adopt green fuels under International Maritime Organization rules
- Prosopis juliflora ,This weed is to become the feedstock for India’s first green methanol production
INDIA’S MARINE FISH PRODUCTION
- India’s marine fish production touched 35.7 lakh tonnes in 2025’
- Tamil Nadu topped the production chart with 6.85 lakh tonnes, while Gujarat slipped to second place after a 15% decline, largely due to adverse weather, extended fishing bans. Kerala remained in third position.
BEACH SAND MINERALS (BSM)
- Beach Sand Minerals (BSM) are a group of valuable “heavy minerals” (density > 2.9 g/cm³) found in coastal placer deposits, primarily comprising ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene, zircon, monazite, sillimanite, and garnet. These minerals are essential for industries like electronics, aerospace, pigments, and nuclear energy, often containing critical rare earth elements (REEs)
- Andhra Pradesh is fast emerging as the front-runner in exploration and production of Beach Sand Minerals (BSM) that are abundantly available in the north coastal districts of Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam, and to some extent in the southern parts of the State, with the total deposits pegged at 59.56 Million Tonnes (MT).
- As on date, 6.68 MT of BSM deposits (three in number) spread in 991 hectares, two of them in Gara mandal of Srikakulam district and the other in Bheemunipatnam mandal of Visakhapatnam district, are under development by the AP Mineral Development Corporation (APMDC).
- Andhra Pradesh stands in the second place, accounting for 25% of the nearly 838 MT of these deposits in India
KANHA TIGER RESERVE
- Kanha Tiger Reserve, also known as Kanha–Kisli National Park, is one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national park of the state of Madhya Pradesh.
- It is also the first tiger reserve in India to officially introduce a mascot, Bhoorsingh the Barasingha.
STATEMENT
Why wildfires intensified across Nilgiris forests